Ohio Assessments for Educators (OAE) Special Education Practice Exam 2025 - Free Special Education Practice Questions and Study Guide

The condition characterized by cognitive functioning below average and adaptive behavior deficits is intellectual disabilities. Individuals with intellectual disabilities experience limitations in both intellectual functioning, which is often measured by IQ tests, and practical skills necessary for daily living, often referred to as adaptive behavior. These deficits affect various aspects of life, including social interactions, communication skills, and the ability to perform everyday tasks.

Intellectual disabilities can vary in severity and often manifest during childhood, affecting learning and development. The significant intellectual and adaptive challenges present in individuals with intellectual disabilities necessitate specialized educational strategies and support systems to aid their development and integration into society.

While autism spectrum disorder may also involve challenges in communication and social interactions, it does not exclusively define cognitive functioning as below average. Cerebral palsy primarily affects motor function rather than cognitive abilities, and anxiety disorders focus on emotional functioning rather than the cognitive and adaptive deficits characteristic of intellectual disabilities.